@article{hayes2025npextraction, title={{Measuring memorization in language models via probabilistic extraction}}, author={Jamie Hayes and Marika Swanberg and Harsh Chaudhari and Itay Yona and Ilia Shumailov and Milad Nasr and Christopher A. Choquette-Choo and Katherine Lee and A. Feder Cooper}, year={2025}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.19482} }